作者：lijiapu 文章来源：互联网 发布时间：2013-01-16 查看：
2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题(理工类C级)
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Have you talked to her lately?
A.lastly B. finally C. shortly D. recently
2. While we don't agree, we continue to be friends.
A. Whoever B. Where C. Although D. Whatever
3. Enormous sums of money have been spent on, space exploration.
A. Much B. Large C. Small D. Fixed
4. About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer.
A. every year B. severely C. actively D. every month
5. The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.
A. secrets B. details C. benefits D. words
6. We will take your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams.
A. effect B. account C. effort D. discount
7. There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library.
A. small B. total C. good D. great
8. The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.
A. showed B. suggested C. agreed D. believed
9. Mary has blended the ingredients.
A. made B. mixed C. cooked D. eaten
10. They agreed to modify their policy.
A. clarify B. define C. change D. develop
11. The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.
A. take out B. break off C. push in D. dig up
12. The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.
A. play B. show C. send D. tell
13. This table is strong and durable.
A. long-lasting B. extensive C. far-reaching D. eternal
14. He endured great pain before he finally expired.
A. fired B. resigned C. died D .retreated
15. The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.
A. smiling B. laughing C. shouting D. staring
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Engineering Ethics
Engineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering universities throughout the nation. At Texas A&M University, evidence of this interest in professional ethics culminated in the creation of a new course in engineering ethics, as well as a project funded by the National Science Foundation to develop material for introducing ethical issues into required undergraduate engineering courses. A small group of faculty and administrators actively supported the growing effort at Texas A&M, yet this group must now expand to meet the needs of increasing numbers of students wishing to learn more about the value implications of their actions as professional engineers.
The increasing concern for the value dimension of engineering is, at least in part, a result of the attention that the media has given to cases such as the Challenger disaster, the Kansas City Hyatt-Regency Hotel walkways collapse, and the Exxon oil spill. As a response to this concern, a new discipline, engineering ethics, is emerging. This discipline will doubtles take its place alongside such well-established fields as medical ethics, business ethics, and legal ethics.
The problem presented by this development is that most engineering professors are not prepared to introduce literature in engineering ethics into their classrooms. They are most comfortable with quantitative concepts and often do not believe they are qualified to lead class discussions on ethics. Many engineering faculty members do not think that they have the time in an already overcrowded syllabus to introduce discussions on professional ethics, or the time in their own schedules to prepare the necessary material. Hopefully, the resources presented herein will be of assistance.
16. Engineering ethics is a compulsory subject in every institute of science and technology in the United States.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The number of students wishing to take the course of engineering ethics is declining at Texas A&M University.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. The National Science Foundation involves itself directly in writing up material about ethical issues.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. It seems that medical ethics and business ethics are more mature than engineering ethics.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to protest against the creation of a new course in engineering ethics.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Many engineering professors may not have time to prepare material for class discussion on professional ethics.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. It is likely that following this introductory passage, the author will provide the necessary material related to the topic of engineering ethics.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～6段其中四段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
These findings, which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep – for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.” he said.
23. Paragraph 2 ________
24. Paragraph 4 ________
25. Paragraph 5 ________
26. Paragraph 6 ________
A. Keprike’s Research Tool
B. Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep
C. Criticism on Kripke’s Report
D. A way of Overcoming Insomnia
E. Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers
F. Classification of Sleep Problems
27. To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ________.
28. Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to ________.
29. One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to ________.
30. One survey showed that people who habitually ________ each night have a higher risk of dying.
A. fall asleep again .
B. become more energetic the following day
C. sleep less than 7 hours
D. confirm those serious consequences
E. suffer sleep problems
F. sleep more than 8 hours
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Sugar Power for Cell Phones
Using enzymes commonly found in living cells, a new type of fuel cell produces small amounts of electricity from sugar. If the technology is able to succeed in mass production, you may some day share your sweet drinks with your cell phone.
In fuel cells, chemical reactions generate electrical currents. The process usually relies on precious metals, such as platinum. In living cells, enzymes perform a similar job, breaking down sugars to obtain electrons and produce energy.
When researchers previously used enzymes in fuel cells, they had trouble keeping them active, says Shelley D. Minteer of St Louis University. Whereas biological cells continually produce fresh enzymes, there’s no mechanism in fuel cells to replace enzymes as they quickly degrade.
Minteer and Tarnara Klotzbach, also of St Louis University, have now developed polymers that wrap around an enzyme and preserve it in a microscopic pocket. “We tailor these pockets to provide the ideal microenvironment for the enzyme, Minteer says. The polymers keep the enzyme active for months instead of days.
In the new fuel cell, tiny polymer bags of enzyme are embedded in a membrane that coats one of the electrodes. When glucose from a sugary liquid gets into a pocket, the enzyme oxidizes it, releasing electrons and protons. The electrons cross the membrane and enter a wire through which they travel to the other electrode, where they react with oxygen in the atmosphere to produce water. The flow of electrons through the wire constitutes an electrical current that can generate power.
So far, the new fuel cells don’t produce much power, but the fact that they work at all is exciting, says Paul Kenis, a chemical engineer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “Just getting it to work,” Kenis says, “is a major accomplishment.”
Sugar-eating fuel cells could be an efficient way to make electricity. Sugar is easy to find. And the new fuel cells that run on it are biodegradable, so the technology wouldn’t hurt the environment. The scientists are now trying to use different enzymes that will get more power from sugar. They predict that popular products may be using the new technology in as little as 3 years.
31. According to the first paragraph, when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?
A. When enzymes can be commonly found in living cells.
B. When the technology of producing a new type of fuel cell appears.
C. When the technology of a newtype of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.
D. When the technology of mass producing cell phones appears.
32. What trouble did Minteer and Klotzbach have in their research?
A. They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.
B. They had trouble keeping biological cells active.
C. They had trouble producing fresh enzymes.
D. They had trouble finding mechanism for producing enzymes.
33. According to Paragraph 5, electrons are released
A. when bags of enzyme are embedded in the new fuel cell.
B. when glucose from a sugary liquid goes through the enzyme.
C. when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.
D. when the enzyme oxidizes the sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.
34. What is exciting about the new fuel cells?
A. Their limitless power generation capacity is amazing.
B. Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.
C. Their limited power generation capacity is the result of great efforts.
D. Their limitless power generation capacity is a major accomplishment.
35. According to the last paragraph, what is NOT true of the new fuel cells?
A. The new fuel cells run on sugar that is easy to find.
B. The new fuel cells are environment friendly.
C.The new fuel cells are biologically degradable.
D. It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.
第二篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle event-flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world. But ecologists can’t be everywhere so they’re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they’re asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest-birds, trees, flowers budding, etc.-and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that’s needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology Network. “Phenology” is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group’s first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project BudBurst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States. People participating in the project-which is open to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
“People don’t have to be plant experts they just have to look around and see what’s in their neighborhood,” says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “As we collect this data, we’ll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”
36. Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need them
A. to provide their personal life cycles.
B. to observe the life cycle of plants.
C. to collect data of the life cycle of living things.
D. to teach children knowledge about climate change.
37. What are citizen scientists asked to do?
A. To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.
B. To send their research observations to a professional database.
C. To increase their knowledge about climate change.
D. To keep a record of their research observations.
38. In “All that’s needed to become one … (paragraph2)”, what does the word “one” stands for?
A. a citizen journalist.
B. a citizen scientist.
C. a scientist.
D. a citizen.
39. What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?
A. Only experts can participate in it.
B. Everybody can participate in it.
C. It collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants.
D. It has its own website.
40. What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?
A. To study when plants will have their first buds.
B. To find out the types of plants in the neighborhood.
C. To collect life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.
D. To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.
第三篇
A Sunshade for the Planet
Even with the best will in the world，reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions，the uncertainties (不确定) in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time，resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented (执行) soon enough.
Fortunately，if the worst comes to the worst，scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now, that is. A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale “geoengineering” projects that might be used to counteract (抵消) global warming. “I use the analogy of methadone,” says Stephen Schneider，a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. “If you have a heroin addict，the correct treatment is hospitalization，and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse，methadone is better than heroin.”
Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth; launch trillions of feather-light discs into space，where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun’s rays. It’s controversial，but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial，because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century，and that would last for at least a century more.
41. According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks that
A. strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming.
B. to reduce carbon emissions is all impossible mission.
C. despite the difficulty，scientists have some options to prevent global warming.
D. actions suggested by scientists will never be realized.
42. Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people to
A. know what they are doing.
B. feel their efforts are useless.
C. think the problem has been solved.
D. see the real problem.
43. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?
A. Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.
B. Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict.
C. Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict.
D. Methadone and heroin are equally effective in treating a heroin addict.
44. What is Stephen Schneider’s idea of preventing global warming?
A. To ask governments to take stronger measures.
B. To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth.
C. To apply sunscreen to the Earth.
D. To decrease greenhouse gases.
45. What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”, according to the last paragraph?
A. It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming.
B. It blocks the incident energy in the sun’s rays.
C. It is a controversial method.
D. It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Don’t Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet
Encouraging plankton growth in the ocean has been touted by some as a promising way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 46
Adding iron to patches of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. The microscopic organisms suck up dissolved carbon dioxide from the water, which in turn is replaced by carbon dioxide from the air. 47
Jorge Sarmiento from Princeton and his colleagues developed a complex computer model to analyse how factors such as ocean chemistry and water circulation would affect the process if 160,000 square kilometres of ocean were seeded with iron for a month. 48
In their scenario, which covers an area 10 times as big as the largest experiment of this kind ever proposed, fertilising the ocean removes 1 million tonnes of carbon from the atmosphere — just 0.2 per cent of the carbon dioxide humankind spews out each month.
Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. 49 says Sallie Chisholm, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “ But the take-home message is the same. 50 ”
A. Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.
B. Its opponents fear that it will damage the marine ecosystem, and now a computer model shows that the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.
C. As plankton die and settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.
D. They found that 100 years later only between 2 and 11 percent of the extra carbon that was originally taken up by plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere.
E. “These are newer and better models.” F Ocean fertilisation is not the answer to global warming.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind
If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way ______ (51) of a burning building—and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.
Sound Alert, a company ______ (52) the University of Leeds, is _______ (53) the alarms in a residential home for blind people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cambria. _______ (54) produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the ______ (55) is coming from.
Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be ______ (56) by humans. “It is a ______ (57) of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio,” she says. “Its life-saving potential is great.”
She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large ______ (58) room. It ______ (59) them nearly four minutes to find the door ______ (60) a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.
Withington studies how the brain ______ (61) sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide ______ (62) of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms _____ (63) the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.
The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up ____ (64) down stairs. They were ____ (65) with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.
51. A in B out C behind D under
52. A run by B changed by C decorated by D criticized by
53. A installed B installs C installing D had installed
54. A Alarms B Alarm C The alarm D The alarms
55. A noise B sound C music D bell
56. A watched B produced C learnt D heard
57. A amount B lot C burst D deal
58. A smoked B smoke-filled C filled with smoke D smoke-filling
59. A has taken B takes C took D will take
60. A on B near C without D from
61. A processes B produces C possesses D proceeds
62. A range B lot C variety D band
63. A basis on B base on C basing on D based on
64. A or B and C but D otherwise
65. A developed B determined C discovered D delivered
答案
1-5 DCBAB
6-10 BABBC
11-15 ABACD
16-20 CBBA C
21-25 AAEBA
26-30 DFEAC
31-35 CACBD
36-40 CBBAD
41-45 CCACD
46-50 BCDEF
51-55 BACDB
56-60 DCBCC
61-65 ADDAA
2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题（卫生类B级）
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