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2016年职称英语考试理工类C级试题及答案2

 Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)

  Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海区) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.

  Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.

  A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lt's true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.

  36、who lived in Puerto Rico first

  A.the Africans

  B.the Spanish

  C.the Americans

  D.the Taino people

  37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers to

  A.immigration

  B.Caribbean history

  C.the island’s natural beauty

  D.Puerto Rican cuisine

  38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?

  A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking

  B.Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican

  C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences

  D.African foods have probably had the most influence

  39、How is sofrito used?

  A.It is eaten before meals

  B.It is added to other dishes

  C.It is used where foods are too spicy

  D.It is eaten as a main dish

  40、which of the following is NOT true?

  A.softito is a type of extremely spicy food

  B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy

  C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers

  D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper

  参考答案:36-40 DDCBA

  Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics (仿生学)

  Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(长颈鹿), which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.

  We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(蓝图) for invention. We've borrowed canals from beavers(河狸) and reflectors from cat's eyes. Although the words "bionics" became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(档案) don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.

  To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright's pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore (梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.

  Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic(简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett's fish submarine(潜水艇) actually looks like a fish.

  Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)- sounds shocking, doesn't it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.

  41. "Cats", "monkeys" and 'giraffes" mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate

  A. they are highly-evolved species as humans.

  B. animals have skills that humans do not possess.

  C. humans can learn animals' skills.

  D. they are skillful in different ways.

  42. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?

  A. First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.

  B. History books.

  C. The Wright brothers' sculpture.

  D. Leonardo da Vinci's bird-like flying machines.

  43. What happened after the Wright brothers' success?

  A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.

  B. People could fly their airplane for fun.

  C. People kept their airplane at a French gallery.

  D. People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.

  44. Which of the following is true about the research carried out by the US Army?

  A. It has changed our life.

  B. It has cost a large sum of money.

  C. It has improved the abilities of tanks.

  D. It has not succeeded yet.

  45. What does the writer want to tell in the passage?

  A. Some animals possess unique skills.

  B. Many inventions get ideas from nature.

  C. People should protect nature.

  D. Bionics is far from perfect.

  参考答案:41-45 BADDB

  第5部分:补全短文(第46~50题,每题2分,共10分)

  下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章面貌。

  Forests for Cities

  You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan. The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers. There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here. ___C____ (46) You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world. It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.

  Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests. Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees. But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment. ____D___ (47) They also stop the noise from heavy traffic. They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.

  Urban forests also have many good effects on people. They make the city more beautiful. In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature. ___B__(48)

  In some countries, people are starting new urban forests. In England, there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase, east of London. It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast. Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest, and there are programs for children and artists.__E__ (49)

  Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest, but planting trees on the streets makes the city better. Scientists found that commuters (通勤人员) feel more relaxed when they can see trees. Trees are even good for business. ___A____ (50) In the future, urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger. In the megacities(超大城市) of tomorrow, people will need more green space to live a comfortable life. Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.

  A.People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees

  B.In hot countries,urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises

  C.But you are not in rural area

  D.Trees take pollution out of the air

  E.In 2033,it will have 5 million trees

  F.It has many kinds of birds in the country

  Germs on Banknotes

  People in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.

  Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.

  Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .

  Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.

  Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.

  What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.

  The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.

  The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.

  Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it

  词汇:

  pesos/pi:səvs/ n .比索 bacterium /kæk'tiəriəm/ n .细菌(单数)

  germ/dʒə:m/ n.病菌 bacteria /bæktiəriə/细菌(复数)

  banknote/bæŋknəvt/ n.纸币 centimeter/senti,mi:tə。/ n.厘米

  microbiologist /,maikrəv,baiɔlədʒist/n.微生 polymer/pɔlimə / n. [高分子」聚合物

  物学家 harbor/ha:bə/ v.怀有,藏有

  vendor/vendəI/n.小贩

  注释:

  1.have one thing in common :有一个共同点

  2. well over :大大超过

  3. Frank Vriesekoop : Frank Vriesekoop 博士是巴拉瑞特大学的食品微生物学家,他率领一个全球研究小组对至少10个国家的纸币展开了分析。他的研究结果是:相对于比较落后贫穷的国家,富裕发达国家的纸币所携带的病菌较少。重要的是,世界各地纸币上的病菌数量都没有达到令人担心的程度。研究还发现纸币使用的年限和材质对纸币的污染程度也有影响。

  4. University of Ballarat in Australia:澳大利亚巴拉瑞特大学。该校建立于1994年,位于维多利亚省的巴拉瑞特市。

  5. after all:毕竟

  练习:

  1. A coins B money C cheques D loans

  2. A different B clean C hard D foreign

  3. A anniversary B year C decade D century

  4. A along B with C within D outside

  5. A countries B areas C regions D provinces

  6. A delivered B borrowed C gathered D designed

  7. A because B though C when D where

  8. A plastic B rubber C cotton D paper

  9. A languages B colors C substances D materials

  10. A family B team C advisor D boss

  11. A expenses B banks C statements D currencies

  12. A nearly B mostly C likely D merely

  13. A dirt B water C germs D oil

  14. A compare B connect C conduct D command

  15. A arms B hands C face D clothes

  答案与题解:

  1.B 冒号后面说的是各国使用钱币的名称:“yuan in China ,pesos in Mexico,pounds in the United Kingdom,dollars in the United States,Aus往'alia and New Zealand” ,所以填人的词必 定与这些钱币有关,而且应该是钱币的总括词。因此选 money 最为恰当。coins 是“硬币”,cheques 是“支票” ,loans是“贷款”,它们都不会是答案。

  2.A 本题的句子说的是:虽然各国使用的纸币各不相同,它们有一个共同点,那就是纸币上 有病菌。四个选项中 different 是答案。

  3.D 选century 最合理。选 anniversary (周年),year (年)或decade都不合逻辑。

  4.C 本段第二句提供了解答本题的线索。Frank Vriesekoop 的研究与以前的科学家的研究不同,他比较了各国钱币上的病菌数量, 在他之前的科学家的研究范围局限于一个国家的纸币。四个选项中只有 within 表达“在(一个国家)里”的意思。

  5. A 经过第四题选词的思索过程,本题的形容词很自然会在 different 之后用 countries,指不同的国家。

  6. C 上一句说 Vriesekoop 比较不同国家纸币携带病菌的数量。本题的句子明确指出他对比 的纸币涉及十个国家。四个选项中只有 gathered (收集)与上下文的意思相匹配。

  7. A 填词所在的句子与前面的主句存在因果关系。为什么要从食品店和食品摊收集纸币呢?因为这些地方常要用现金支付。本题答案是 because。

  8. C fabric 是“织物”,其制作原料不会是 plastic(塑料)或 rubber( 橡胶)。选 paper 也不对, 因为本句是说明纸币的制作原料通常不是纸。制作 fabric 的原料是 cotton( 棉花),这是合乎常理的。而且该段倒数第二句也提供了答案。所以答案是 cotton。

  9.D 本段说纸币的材料一般不是纸,通常是用棉花织物或高分子聚合物制作的。所以选择materials( 材料、原料)是正确的。

  10. B 本题应当选 team。与 family (家庭成员),advisor (顾问)或 boss (老板)合作研究不是 没有可能,但总有些离谱。与团队合作研究比较合理。

  11. D 本段第二句提供了线索,它列出三种纸币,即 the Australian dollar ,the New Zealand dollar 和 some Mexican pesos。选 currencies 是最合理的。另外三个选项都不合适; expenses是“支出”,banks 是“银行” ,statements 是“账单”。

  12. B 本题只有选 mostly,上下文意思才连贯。

  13. C 前一句说用高分子聚合物制作的钱币含菌数量较少。本题的句子接着分析说,在高分子聚合物上存活较难。谁存活较难?当然是病菌。本题答案是germs0 dirt, water 和oil 是非生物,不存在生存的问题。

  14.A 四个选项填入句子后,句子成了: “…compare/connect/conduct/command the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills”, 很明显;connect (连接)/conduct (实施)/command(控制)amounts of time是无法成立的。只有compare(比较)不同纸币上病菌存活的时间才是Vriesekoop 要研究的新课题。

  15. B人们通常是用手接触纸币的。所以接触纸币后要洗手。答案是hands。

 

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