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2016年职称英语理工类模拟试题3

  第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)

  下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。

  1. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.

  A force

  B influence

  C surprise

  D power

  2. Can you follow the plot?

  A change

  B investigate

  C write

  D understand

  3. Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.

  A physical

  B mental

  C natural

  D hard

  4. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.

  A result

  B judgment

  C decision

  D event

  5. Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.

  A statements

  B beliefs

  C suggestions

  D claims

  6. Up to now, the work has been easy.

  A So

  B So long

  C So that

  D So far

  7. The report advocated setting up day training colleges.

  A supposed

  B excited

  C suggested

  D discussed

  8. Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.

  A Therefore

  B Afterwards

  C However

  D Furthermore

  9. The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.

  A view

  B sight

  C look

  D point

  10. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.

  A tensely

  B nearly

  C carefully

  D closely

  11. The union representative put across her argument very effectively.

  A explained

  B invented

  C considered

  D accepted

  12. He talks tough but has a tender heart.

  A heavy

  B strong

  C kind

  D wild

  13. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.

  A making

  B taking

  C discussing

  D expecting

  14. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.

  A waste

  B buy

  C use

  D sell

  15. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.

  A function

  B ability

  C power

  D volume

  第2部分:阅读判断(第1~7题,每题1分,共7分)

  下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。

  Irradiating Food

  Irradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.

  Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.

  All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.

  Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation -- gamma rays, high-energy electrons, and X rays -- and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecular compositions, may require different doses of radiation.

  1. According to the passage, killing insects and bacteria present in foods by irradiating is not completely approved by the US government.

  A. Right  B. Wrong  C. Not mentioned

  2. There are quite a number of food processors which are interested in producing irritated foods.

  A. Right  B. Wrong  C. Not mentioned

  3. Some consumers are doubtful of the safety of irradiated foods and suggest a more severe government inspection be taken.

  A. Right  B. Wrong  C. Not mentioned

  4. Some companies foresee the promising future of setting up food processing factories, although they do not see the need now.

  A. Right  B. Wrong  C. Not mentioned

  5. It is required that labels placed on irradiated food or nearby bulk items such as vegetables and fruits should indicate irradiated ingredients.

  A. Right  B. Wrong  C. Not mentioned

  6. Restaurants can serve irradiated food bought directly from distributors without labeling it.

  A. Right  B. Wrong  C. Not mentioned

  7. The passage tells us that FDA approves irradiating food to some extent but irradiated food is not widely accepted.

  A. Right  B. Wrong  C. Not mentioned

  第三部分:概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)

  下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

  Transport and Trade

  Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.

  The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.

  Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.

  By moving fuel,raw materials,and even power,as,for example,through electric cables,transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.

  Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

  练习:

  1. Paragraph 2 _________

  2. Paragraph 3 _________

  3. Paragraph 4 _________

  4. Paragraph 5 _________

  A. Higher living standard

  B. Importance of transport in trade

  C. Various means of transport

  D. Birth of transport-related industries and trade

  E. Role of information in trade

  F. Public transportation

  5. The development of modern means of transport _________.

  6. Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly ___________.

  7. Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _________.

  8. In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as ________.

  A. to send goods to various parts of the world

  B. at any time during the year

  C. has greatly promoted trade

  D. is it possible to produce on a large scale

  E. the transport of goods

  F. it is possible to produce on a large scale

   

  第四部分:阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)

  下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。

  Calling for Safe Celebrations This Fourth of July

  Last Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks being set off in his neighborhood. Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury.

  June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month, and through its EyeSmart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. “There is nothing worse than a Fourth of July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye a bottle rocket,” said Dr. John C. Hagan, clinical correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. “A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fireworks while you enjoy the show.”

  According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks-related injuries happen each year. Of these, nearly half are head-related injuries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger accounting for 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the Unites States. Dr. Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks.

  Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the wyes. For children under the age of five, apparently harmless sparklers account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can burn at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

  1.What happened to Pete last Fourth of July?

  A) He was burned in a house fire.

  B) He was caught in a rain.

  C) He was injured in a fight.

  D) He was hit in the eye.

  2. The American Academy of Ophthalmology calls on consumers to

  A) celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks.

  B) leave fireworks to professionals in their celebrations.

  C) stop celebrating the Fourth of July altogether.

  D) set off fireworks together with trained professionals.

  3. How many fireworks eye injuries occur in the US each year?

  A) About 9,000.

  B) About 4,500.

  C) About 1,350.

  D) About 30.

  4. Fireworks eye injuries can result in each of the following EXCEPT

  A) blindness.

  B) permanent vision loss.

  C) glaucoma and cataracts.

  D) head-related injuries.

  5. Which is NOT true of sparklers?

  A) They are harmless to children.

  B) They are considered safe by many people.

  C) They are a threat to the eyes.

  D) They can burn at very high degrees.

  U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January

  A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U.S. health officials said on Friday.

  Officials from the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.

  The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.

  Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.

  Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.

  “We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation’s health care costs,” Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.

  The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.

  Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pro-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.

  The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.:

  1. The aim of the study is to find new ways to

  A. conduct research.

  B. track public health.

  C. prevent or treat illness.

  D. speed up development.

  2.Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT

  A .genetic samples from people in the study.

  B. biological samples from people in the study.

  C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies.

  D. samples of air and water from hospitals.

  3. It is expected that through the study the nation’s health care costs

  A. will be lowered in the long run.

  B. will be significantly increased.

  C. will be more than $200 million.

  D. will reach $3.2 billion.

  4. The babies of the participants will be followed

  A. throughout their lives.

  B. for more than two decades.

  C. form birth to 21 months.

  D. until they get married.

  5.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?

  A. They’ll be from various areas.

  B. They’ll be from all income levels.

  C. They’ll be from all educational levels.

  D. They’ll be from all age groups.

  Online Cancer Chat with a Safety Net

  Cancer Research UK has launched an online chat forum for cancer patients to swap stories and share experiences on how to cope with such a devastating disease.

  But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference: it has an information safety net.

  This means that a Cancer Research UK team will keep a watching brief to ensure that patients are not subjected to rogue “cancer cures” or scientifically unsound information.

  Anyone can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat but if people wish to post a message they will need to register.

  And Rebekah Gibbs, cancer patient and star of TV’s Casualty has pledged her support for the new project. “I think Cancer Chat is a brilliant idea,” she said. “I have written a public diary about what I went through with breast cancer and I have had such a heart-warming response from other people going through the same thing.

  “The idea of a Cancer Chat forum means you can share information about treatment and side effects and you can really open up about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family. And with Cancer Research UK monitoring the forum people can be reassured about the quality of information being exchanged.”

  Cancer Chat will also encourage its users to check out any cancer questions on its CancerHelp UK website which is specially designed to give patients and their families 6,000 pages of up-to-date information that is easy to understand and explains a wide range of treatments for different types of cancer and gives details of clinical trials. There is also a UK database of cancer clinical trials.

  The award-winning website attracts around one million visitors a month and Cancer Research UK hopes that some of these visitors will also want to post comments on the Cancer Chat forum.

  For those who do not have access to computers and have questions about cancer, the charity’s team of cancer information nurses are available during office hours to talk over patients’ concerns on the phone.

  1. Cancer Chat is different from other forums in that

  A  it has the support of a famous actress.

  B  it is a source of reliable information.

  C  it provides a huge amount of information.

  D  it attracts a great number of visitors.

  2.Which is NOT true of Rebekah Gibbs?

  A  She is a well-known figure in Britain.

  B  She got breast cancer some time ago.

  C  She thinks highly of Cancer Chat.

  D  She has written a private diary.

  3.All the statements about the messages posted on Cancer Chat are true EXCEPT

  A  they are available to all visitors.

  B  their writers get paid for them.

  C  they concern not just treatments and side effects.

  D  they are also an emotional outlet for their writers.

  4.  CancerHelp UK is a website that

  A  offers lots of information on cancer treatment and clinical trials.

  B  attracts numerous visitors.

  C  has won an award.

  D  all of the above.

  5.  “The charity” in the last line but one refers to

  A  Cancer Research UK.

  B  Cancer Chat.

  C  CancerHelp UK.

  D  Tv’s Casualty.

  第五部分:补全短文(第46~50题,每题2分,共10分)

  阅读下面的短文,文章中有5处空白,文章后面有6组文字,请根据文章的内容选择5组文字,将其分别放回文章原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

  Conservation or Wasted Effort?

  The black robin (旅鸫) is one of the world's rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten. (46)

  Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin. (47) The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a "reserve", for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked (重新准备) with the robin's food. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand.

  Is all this concern a waste of human effort? (48) Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable?

  In the earth's long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of success and died out. In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. (49) This is nature's proven method of operation.

  The rule of selection--"the survival of the fittest"--is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene. We, being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most. (50) You may take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw (爪) to postpone our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out.

  Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it.

  A Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast (比…长久) man, for they seem even more adaptable.

  B Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early.

  C Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made.

  D Both represent orders in the classification of life.

  E Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out?

  F These are the only black robins left in the world.

  

     第六部分:完型填空(第51~65题,每题1分,共15分)


     阅读下面的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项,请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 

 Transportation

  For many years in the desert, camels Used to be the only form of transportation (运输). Before the(51) of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe. Traders sometimes (52) to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals. Each animal often carried (53) 400 pounds and could travel twenty miles a day. This form of transportation was so important that camels were called the "ships of the (54)."

  Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very (55) time. One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000 (56). In addition, trains use special cars for their load. Refrigerator cars carry food; boxcars carry heavy goods; stock cars carry animals; and tank cars carry oil.

  Air travel has changed, too. The earliest planes were biplanes (双翼飞机), with(57) sets of wings. The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour. The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air. The plane(58) sometimes stopped in the middle of a trip. It used to be (59) to fly in bad weather. In snow or in rain, the wings frequently became icy. Then the plane might go down.

  Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes. Monoplanes (单翼飞机) took the(60) of biplanes. Pilots flew inside of covered cabins. Still, even these planes were small and expensive. Only(61) people were be able to travel in airplanes.

  Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people. No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet. Further improvements have (62) the cost of flying, and they have made air travel (63) safer than it used to be. A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour. People(64) used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes.(65) these things are a normal part of air travel!

  51 A age B series C year D period

  52 A ought B added C used D led

  53 A away B as many as C out D as much as

  54 A desert B trains C transportation D goods

  55 A quick B short C good D no

  56 A camels B ships C pounds D cars

  57 A one B three C two D four

  58 A wings B engines C pilots D speed

  59 A probable B possible C improbable D impossible

  60 A seat B pace C place D vacancy

  61 A technical B rich C those D professional

  62 A got rid of B raised C avoided D lowered

  63 A much B so C very D such

  64 A sometimes B occasionally C neither D never

  65 A But B So C Now D However

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